Paleoproterozoic rocks that have been deformed, folded, sheared, and metamorphosed, with major fold axes trending from east-southeast to west-northwest, define the regional geology of the Lupa Goldfield. The area is home to the following major lithological units:

Ilunga Granite Formation
Medium to coarse-grained leucogranite (aplogranite) makes up the majority of the Ilunga Granite, which is found in the northern part of the Lupa Goldfield. Muscovite and biotite are secondary minerals that are frequently found together.
Saza Granite Formation
The middle part of the Lupa Goldfield is home to the Saza Granite, which is made up of a variety of rock types, including granodiorites and granites rich in hornblende and biotite.
Gneiss Formation
The predominant geological unit in the Lupa Goldfield is the Gneiss Formation, which serves as the primary ore-bearing host. Numerous rock types, including felsitic gneiss, biotite and hornblende granite gneiss, and leucocratic granular gneiss, have been formed by at least three granitic intrusive events that have affected the Gneiss Formation.