The Tanzanian granite-gneiss craton dominates the Singida region’s geology. The Geological Survey of Tanzania mapped the granite gneiss terrain and found poorly exposed greenstone relics (Haidutov 1976). Similar to the Nyanzian Supergroup (System) of the Lake Victoria Goldfields, these greenstones are part of an intercalated sedimentary and volcanic history.

Localised hypabyssal diorite/microdiorite intrusives and basaltic lava make up the majority of the volcanic rocks that are encountered. Metaquartzitic lithologies make up the majority of meta-sedimentary rocks, although banded ferruginous chert, mudstones, and siltstones are also found in lesser amounts. In general, the layering is oriented parallel to the foliation of the basement. Additionally, isoclinal folding is visible.

With isolated instances of upper amphibolite grade, the Nyanzian lithologies have primarily undergone metamorphism into lower-amphibolite and greenschist facies. Intrudes of post-tectonic granite are widespread in the region.

Penetrative brittle-ductile, steeply dipping, quartz veined shear zones that typically resemble the strike of lithological junctions are linked to gold mineralisation.

With the exception of the granite intrusives that form noticeable tors, the region south of Singida is remarkably flat and lacks topography. Neogene transported pedogenic gravels and associated soils dominate weathered overburden profiles. Mbuga, or black cotton soils, are found locally.